Linking words and phrases / Paroe e fraxi conetive

There follows a list of words and phrases that can be used. The list is not exhaustive, and BE CAREFUL: although grouped together, none is totally synonymous. Their position in the sentence can also vary.

Cueła che segue xena lista de parołe e fraxi che vien doparàe. ła lista no xe conpleta, e staxì atenti: anca se łe xe ragrupade insieme , no łe xe conpletamente sinonime una de chealtra. Anca ła poxision inte ła fraxe połe canbiare. 

Listing - Ełencare	Giving examples-Fare exenpi	Generalising-Jenerałixare
first, second, third - Primo, secondo, terso	for example - par exenpio	in general - in jenerałe
first, furthermore, finally Par primo, in pì, ała fine	for instance - par prinsipio	usually - de sołito
to begin, to conclude - scumisiare, concludare	as follows: - come che segue:	on the whole - tut'al più
next - dopo	that is -che xe/che vołe dire	as a rule - de norma
Reinforcement - Rinforso	in this case- in sto caxo	for the most part - Pa'l pì groso
also - anca	in other words - co altre parołe	in most cases - ła major parte dełe volte
furthermore - in pì
not only ... but also - no soło...ma anca	Result/consequence - Rixultato, conseguensa	Highlighting - Sotołineare
what is more - e cueło che xe pì	so - cuindi	in particular - in particołare
in addition - in pì	therefore-de conseguensa	particularly - particołarmente
besides - nonostante	as a result/consequence - come rixultato/conseguensa	especially - specialmente
above all - nonostante tuto	accordingly - secondo	mainly - prinsipalmente
as well (as) - come	in that case - in chel caxo	Reformulation- Riformułasion
in the same way - ała stesa maniera	because of this/that - par colpa de cuesto/cueło	in other words - in altre parołe
	thus - cusì	rather - invese
Similarity - Somejansa	hence - donca	to put it more simply - par dirla pi fasiłe
equally - al steso liveło	for this/that reason - par cuesto/cueło	alternative - alternativa
likewise - come	so that - cusì che	alternatively - in alternativa
similarly - someja a		another possibility would be - n'altra posibiłità sarìa
in the same way - ała stesa maniera		on the other hand - da chealtra parte/banda
	Deduction - dedusion	the alternative is - l'alternativa xe
Transition to new point - canbiare discorso	then - cuindi
now, - deso,	in other words - co altre parołe	Contrast - contrasto
as far as x is concerned - in riferimento a X/ rispeto a X	in that case - in chel caxo	instead - invese
with regard/reference to- par cueło che riguarda/se riferise a	otherwise - se no fuse cusì	in comparison - conparà co
as for ... - parlando de...	this implies that ...- che inplica che	on the contrary - al contrario
it follows that - se ne deduxe che	if so/not - se/senò	in contrast - de contro
turning to - canbiando discorso,	Stating the obvious - Costatare l'ovio
Summary - Riasùmare	obviously - oviamente	Concession (sth unexpected) Concesion (calcosa de inaspetà)
in conclusion - in concluxion	clearly - xe ciaro che	however - comuncue
to conclude - par concludare	naturally - naturalmente	even though - anca se
in brief - in breve	of course - par forsa	nevertheless - nonostante
to summarise - par riasùmare	as can be expected - come che se połe spetarse	yet - uncora
therefore - cuindi	surely - sicuramente	still - uncora
	after all - tuto somà

Here are just a few examples of some of the words in action:
Eco un pochi de exenpi de alcune de ste parołe in asion:

REINFORCEMENT -RINFORSO

Desktop computers are cheaper and more reliable than laptops; furthermore, they are more flexible.
I computer fisi costa manco e xe pì afidabiłi dei portatiłi, in pì, i xe pì personałixabiłi.

RESULT/CONSEQUENCE - RIXULTATO/CONSEGUENSAPrices fell by more than 20% last year. As a result, sales increased by 15%.
I presi xe caładi de pì del 20% el ano pasà. De conseguensa, łe vendite xe cresùe del 15%.

GENERALISING - JENERALIXAREOn the whole, his speech was well received, despite some complaints from new members.
In jeneałe el so discorxo xe stà apresà, a parte cualche lamenteła de parte dei menbri novi.

CONTRAST - CONTARIARE
The South East of the UK often has the coldest weather in the winter. Conversely, the North West of Scotland frequently has the mildest temperatures.
El sud-est del Regno Unìo ga speso el clima pi fredo in inverno. Al contrario, el Nord-Ovest deła Scosia rejistra speso łe tenperature pi miti.

CONCESSION - CONSEDARE
It was a very expensive holiday, the weather was bad and the people weren’t very friendly. Nevertheless, we would probably go back to the same place.
La xe stà na vacansa tanto cara, el tenpo xe stà bruto e ła xente no jera tanto amichevołe. Nonostante tuto, probabilmente tornaremo inte'l staso posto.

Thanks to/grasie a:
http://library.bcu.ac.uk/learner/writingguides/1.33.htm

Conditional / Condisionałe

Conditional / Condisionałe

Definition: Verbal tense representing actions reliant on something else. Conditionals are used to talk about real or unreal situations, they are sometimes called if-clauses. Real Conditional describes real-life situations. Unreal Conditional describes unreal, imaginary situations.

In English there are 4 main forms of conditionals -Zero, First, Second and Third Conditional- and some particular mixed forms.

Let's try to understand Venetian conditionals starting from some examples:

Zero Conditional: certainty

If I drink two grappas, I'm tipsy in two minutes. Se bevo do graspe sò inbriago in do minuti.

If you see Venice, you fall in love. Se te vedi Venesia te te inamori.

If he starts doing something, he finishes it, too. Se el scumisia fare calcosa, el finise anca.

Does she get good marks if she studies? Ciapeła bei voti se ła studia?

Out language can survive if it is taught to children, Ła nostra lengua połe soravivare se ła ghe vien insegnà ai putełi.

If we aren't well-trained, we don't win. Se no semo ałenài no vinsemo.

If you don't understand your past, you can't control your future. Se no capì el vostro pasà, no podì controłare el vostro futuro.

If they promise something, they are always lying. Se łi promete calcosa łi xe senpre drìo contar bałe.

First Conditional: A real possibility in the future

If I drink this coffee, I won't sleep tonight. Se bevo sto cafè stanote no dormo altro.

If you visit venetian4english, you'll learn the Venetian language. Se te vìxiti venetian4english te inpararè ła łengua veneta.

If he breaks in, I'll call the police. Se el và drento mi ciamo ła połisia.

If she studies hard, she will pass the test. Se ła studia tanto ła pasarà el exame.

Pay attention! If it falls it will break! Stà atento! Se el casca el se ronpe!

We will go and see him if he can't move. Ndaremo noialtri catarlo se łu no połe movarse.

Will you stay at home if it rains tomorrow? Staxìo caxa se doman piove?

If they keep on that way, they'll go to jail sooner or later. Se łi va vanti in cheła maniera łà prima o dopo łi ndarà in gałera.

Second Conditional: Imaginary Present or Unlikely Future

If I had money, I'd buy a football team. Se gavese schei me cronparìa na scuadra de bałon.

Couldn't you try if you were so self confident?    No te podevi (miga) provare se te jeri cusì sicuro de ti?

If he truly loved her, he wouldn't still be flirting with others. Se ła amase par davero no el sarìa uncora drìo sivetare co chealtre.

If she spoke about her problem, she'd find the solution. Se ła parlase del so problema ła catarìa ła sołusion.

If it was hungry, it would eat. (the dog) Se el gaveva fame el magnava. (el can)

If we loved each other we would stop all wars. Se se vołesimo ben uno co' chealtro fermaresimo tute łe guere.

If you went to Venetia, you'd have to visit the city of Venice. Se te 'ndasi in Venesia te gavaresi davixitare ła çità de Venesia.

If they had clean water to drink, there would be a lot less disease. Se łi gavese acua potabiłe da bevare ghe sarìa tante manco małatie.

Third Conditional: Imaginary Past

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new house. Se gavese vinto ła łoteria me gavarìa cronpà na caxa nova.

If you had helped us, we would have already finished by now. Se te ne gavesi jutà gavarèsimo xà finìo a sta ora.

If he had seen her, he would have already explained her. Se ła gavese vista el ghe gavarìa xà spiegà.

If she hadn't asked me, I would not have helped her. Se no ła me gavese domandà mi no ła gavarìa jutà.

I would not have been searching for hours if it had been there. (the book) No sarìa stà sercarlo par ore se el fuse stà cuà. (el łibro)

If we had bought a map we would have known where we were. Se gavesimo cronpà na cartina gavaresimo savùo ndove che jerimo.

What would you have done if yesterday it had been rainy? Cosa gavarèsi fato se jeri gavese piovùo?

If they had gone to the party they would have had fun. Se łi fuse ndài ała festa łi se gavarìa divertìo.

Mixed Forms

Third Second Mixed Conditionals: imaginary present actions or situations that are not possible because the necessary conditions were not met in the past.

If you had come to class, you would know about it. Se te fusi vegnùo in clase te ło savarèsi.

Second Third Mixed Conditionals: To avoid the illogical 'If I had been you', which means that I was not you on that occasion, but could be in the future, which is, of course, impossible.

If I were you, I wouldn't have done that. Se fuse stà in ti, no ło gavarìa (mìga) fato.

When the first part is still true

If I could understand Venetian, I would have read the original of The Chioggia Scuffles. Se capìse el veneto gavarìa leto el orijinałe de Łe Barufe Cioxote.

Hi there!

Ciao a tuti! ...or as you would say... Hello everyone!

Welcome to Venetian 4 English Friends,

the blog dedicated to Venetian language...in English language!

Whether you are just curious to know the origin of the greeting ciao, looking for some local language tip before leaving for Venice, searching for useful tools to learn the Most Serene Republic's language and literally speak as the famous Casanova did, or already ready to practice Venetian, you're in the right place!

This blog aims to be a linguistic support for all those who are interested in the Venetian language in general and  in learning it in particular, and offers several useful tools and interesting links!

The Venetian (vèneto) is a Romance language similar to Italian and Spanish, but equally different from both of them. It originated from the patavinitas of Livy's Latin. It , then it gave birth to a rich literature as the official language of the more lasting republic in human history, the Venetian Republic, being also the main language of commerce in the Mediterranean for centuries.

Nowadays, about 4 million people speak Venetian in the upper Adriatic, in Istrian, Dalmatian and Greek coasts and islands and 4 million more speakers are in Brazil, where half of the Venetian population was forced to emigrate from the 1850s to the early 1960s.

Although having been recognized by UNESCO with ISO code "vec" since 1999, and therefore having become a world heritage that must be protected by the law, unfortunately Venetian people still cannot learn their mother tongue at school or use it while working, or with Italian public institutions...

But in the Italian region of Veneto the 70% of the population still speaks Venetian every day with family and friends, and certainly we all would appreciate if a foreigner -or a foresto as we say- on a visit to Verona, Venice, Treviso, Vicenza stopped us to ask for information in our mother tongue! ....the least we could do would be tempting you to an onbreta of wine! :)

I will try to make this blog useful to many learners and I hope it will be, in its small way, an effective tool to enhance and support the use of my mother tongue.

Divertìve! Have fun!

Andrea Lunardon
venetian translator

P.S.: Don't be afraid to comment everywhere! :P